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中考专项复习2
发布者:卢伟英发布时间:2023-04-22 08:56:44阅读(153) 评论(0) 举报
名词
命题点1 名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析旨在考查学生在具体有意义的语境中运用名词的能力。做题的关键是读懂语境,理解词义。安徽中考考查的名词可分为抽象名词词义辨析和同类名词词义辨析两大类,近6年单项填空每年都会考查1题,完形填空每年考查3~5题。
考法❶ 抽象名词词义辨析
1.(2020·安徽中考)—What do you think of your new house built by the local government?
—Pretty good. I have a ________ of happiness now.
A.warning B.tradition C.feeling D.question
2.(2019·安徽中考)You can see the ________ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.ability
3.(2018·安徽中考)—What is the ________ of your excellent spoken English?
—Practice makes perfect!
A.result B.influence C.duty D.secret
4.(2017·安徽中考)The New Silk Road will offer a good ________ for more nations to communicate.
A.chance B.habit C.question D.price
5.(2016·安徽中考)Cathy has such a good ________ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A.sleep B.idea C.voice D.time
6.(2015·安徽中考)—How can I get some ________ about the 2016 Olympic Games?
—Why not search the Internet?
A.information B.experience C.practice D.success
7.(2014·安徽中考)—More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
—That's true. It has become the ________ of Anhui.
A.pride B.effort C.praise D.courage
8.(2020·江苏无锡南长实验学校二模)—Searching for information is not a big deal today.
—Exactly, the ________ is how we can tell whether the information is true or not.
A.advantage B.challenge
C.message D.knowledge
9.(2020·山东滨州中考)—Mom, must I be a teacher like you when I grow up?
—No, you needn't. You can make your own ________.
A.difference B.discussion
C.discovery D.decision
10.(2020·江苏苏州中考)I don't care how many words there are in your article, but the ________ of it really matters.
A.ability B.size C.quality D.energy
11.(2020·湖北黄冈中考)—Why do Chinese people like red?
—Because the color red is the ________ of good luck in China.
A.reason B.hope C.dream D.symbol
12.(2020·江苏连云港中考)The ________ of the meeting is to help teachers and parents achieve better communication.
A.position B.progress C.period D.purpose
13.(2020·江苏南京中考)Maria is always full of ________ because she takes exercise every day.
A.energy B.talent C.humour D.wealth
14.(2020·江西中考)When you go rock climbing, you need to be careful so that you don't have a(n) ________.
A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action
15.(2020·辽宁抚顺、本溪、辽阳中考)Chinese scientists have made great ________ in medical research.
A.attention B.progress C.information D.pride
考法❷ 同类名词词义辨析
常考同类名词词义辨析涉及实物类、人物类、自然类、时间、空间及地点类等。
1.(2020·上海长宁二模)Stella is going to move into a new flat next month, so she plans to buy some ________.
A.furniture B.flower
C.chair D.picture
2.(2020·贵州铜仁中考)—To keep our city clean and beautiful, the ________ are always very busy in the street.
—They should be respected by all the people.
A.drivers B.postmen C.firemen D.cleaners
3.(2020·贵州黔西南中考)How much ________ do we need to make a banana milk shake?
A.bananas B.apples C.coffee D.milk
4.(2020·甘肃天水中考)—Everyone should stick to his dream.
—Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without ________, which can't fly.
A.wings B.water C.clouds D.food
5.(2020·河北中考)In a restaurant, people usually choose food and drink from the ________.
A.book B.menu C.newspaper D.magazine
6.(2020·辽宁营口二模)—What does your father do, Lily?
—He is ________. His job is to make sure that drivers obey the traffic rules.
A.an actor B.a policeman C.a waiter D.a reporter
7.(2020·吉林长春中考)We usually know about the history of a city in the ________.
A.museum B.factory C.bank D.hospital
8.(2020·福建漳州二模改编)—Here is my ________.
—This way, please! The movie will be on soon.
A.note B.ticket
C.postcard D.book
9.(2020·山东济南槐荫一模)—Would you like some bananas, Jane?
—Yes, please. I love ________.
A.math B.fruit
C.sport D.vegetable
10.(2020·贵州铜仁石阡二模)Chinese people often have a big dinner with their family and eat ________ to celebrate the Mid­Autumn Festival.
A.mooncakes B.sweet dumplings
C.rice dumplings D.fried rice
命题点2 名词的数
名词的数可分为可数名词的单复数形式和不可数名词。安徽中考题型单词拼写每年都会对名词的数进行考查,且近6年大部分所考单词字母不超过6个,以4~5个居多。考生在答题时,可参考以下解题步骤:
步骤一 确定空格处填名词
1.根据题干所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。
2.根据语境判断。安徽中考会涉及对既可作动词又可作名词的双词性的词的考查,这类词仅通过汉语提示词无法判断填名词还是动词,需要通过语境和句子结构进行判断。
步骤二 判断是可数名词还是不可数名词
1.可数名词
(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如stamp, stamps;
(2)可数名词可以被基数词,不定冠词(a/an), many等修饰,如two tables, a girl, many books。
2.不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,如tea, meat, bread, milk等;
(2)不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算,需要计量时,常用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构表示。量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的单词只用单数,如a cup of tea一杯茶,two bottles of water两瓶水,four pieces of paper四张纸等。
3.部分名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,但意义有所不同。例如:
名词 | 可数 | 不可数 | 名词 | 可数 | 不可数 |
chicken | 小鸡 | 鸡肉 | paper | 报纸,文件 | 纸 |
fish | 鱼 | 鱼肉 | experience | 经历 | 经验 |
orange | 橙子 | 橙汁 | room | 房间 | 空间 |
fruit | 水果(种类) | 水果(总称) | time | 次数,倍数 | 时间 |
glass | 玻璃杯 | 玻璃 | life | 生命 | 生活 |
light | 电灯 | 光 | work | 作品 | 工作 |
步骤三 判断可数名词单复数
对于不可数名词,可直接将单词带入句中验证。对于可数名词,则需进一步确认所填单词是否有数的变化。
判断方法如下:1.上下文语境
2.固定搭配
3.空格前的基数词、不定冠词、many等词
4.生活常识
5.俗语谚语
Do you like white? We have shirts of different c (颜色).
【解析】 根据句意,可确定单词为名词color;为可数名词;通过前面的shirts和different两词可确定此处应用复数colors。
【点拨】
可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下:
种类 | 变化 | 例词 |
一般情况 | 加­s | cake→cakes student→students bed→beds computer→computers |
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 | 加­es | bus→buses class→classes watch→watches box→boxes |
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 | 变y为i,再加­es | baby→babies city→cities country→countries lady→ladies |
以元音字母加y结尾的词 | 加­s | toy→toys monkey→monkeys key→keys |
以f(e)结尾的词 | 变f(e)为ves | leaf→leaves wolf→wolves knife→knives life→lives |
以辅音字母加­o结尾的 | 表示有生命的名词,在词尾加­es | tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes hero→heroes |
表示无生命的名词,在词尾加­s | photo→photos radio→radios piano→pianos | |
不规则变化 | 改变单数名词中的元音字母 | woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth |
单复数形式相同 | sheep→sheep deer→deer Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese | |
其他形式 | mouse→mice child→children |
1.(2020·安徽中考)When the sun goes down, the s________(星星) come out.
2.(2020·安徽中考)There will be a big p________(聚会) for the school­leavers this evening.
3.(2019·安徽中考)It is helpful to have a clear i________(想法) of what you want.
4.(2019·安徽中考)The six­year­old American girl has learned hundreds of Chinese p________(诗).
5.(2018·安徽中考)Everyone has a r________(角色) to play in making our country more beautiful.
6.(2017·安徽中考)My father's T­shirt has completely lost its s________(形状).
7.(2017·安徽中考)An old man began to collect rubbish along the river b________(岸) years ago.
8.(2016·安徽中考)Mary has developed a new way of life by getting close to n________(自然).
9.(2016·安徽中考)This Chinese painting is the greatest work of a________(艺术) I have ever seen.
10.(2015·安徽中考)When swimming, you should put s________(安全) first.
11.(2015·安徽中考)Please accept our best w________(祝愿) for your exams.
12.(2014·安徽中考)We feel it is our d________(责任) to help each other.
13.(2013·安徽中考)I could hear her sweet v________(嗓音) from the next room.
14.(2013·安徽中考)Would you please make a shopping l________(清单) for the picnic?
15.(2012·安徽中考)This bike is a g________(礼物) from my uncle.
16.(2012·安徽中考)Reading and writing are two basic learning s________(技能).
17.(2012·安徽中考)Make sure you put all the answers in your p________(试卷) before handing it in.
18.(2011·安徽中考)My main t________(任务) was to prepare for the meeting.
19.(2011·安徽中考)He told me to go out to find some s________(枝条) for a fire.
20.(2020·浙江杭州中考改编)L (午餐) is a meal that you have in the middle of the day.
21.(2020·山东济宁中考改编)A c________(电影院) is a place where people go to watch films.
22.(2020·山东临沂中考改编)The new plan asks residents(居民) to put their rubbish into four different b________(箱) and one for each kind of rubbish.
23.(2020·江苏南通中考改编)Many visitors come to Beijing and hope to watch the raising of the national f________(旗帜).
24.(2020·江苏宿迁中考改编)People all over the world hope for p________(和平).
25.(2020·江苏镇江中考改编)My neighbor is a famous s________(歌手) and she often does charity work.
命题点3 名词所有格
安徽中考近10年来虽未对名词所有格进行考查,但名词所有格对判断句子含义、理解文章也起到重要作用。
名词所有格表示人或物的所有关系,有以下几种形式:
1.表示有生命的人或动物的名词所有格在单数名词后加“­'s”构成。
Mike's father 迈克的父亲
2.在以“­s”结尾的复数名词之后只加“­'”。
my parents' hometown我父母的故乡
3.表示几个人共同拥有某物时,只在最后一个人名后加“­'s”;表示各自所有时,则需要在每个人名后都加“­'s”。
Mary and Kate's room玛丽和凯特的房间(共有)
Jane's and Tom's books简和汤姆的书(各自所有)
4.在表示“店铺”“某某家”“诊所”的名词所有格后面,一般省去被修饰的表示地点的名词。
at the barber's (shop) 在理发店
at the doctor's (office) 在医院
5.表示无生命的事物的名词所有格,通常是由“of+名词”构成。
the gate of the school学校的大门
the center of the city 市中心
6.表示时间、距离、城市、团体等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加“­'s”构成所有格。
the future of China/China's future 中国的未来
the group's name/the name of the group 团体的名字
7.双重所有格。
英语中名词所有格有时可以在前面加of构成的短语,这种结构称为双重所有格。
双重所有格有两种形式: of+名词所有格; of+名词性物主代词
a friend of my sister's 我姐姐的一个朋友
a dictionary of mine我的一部词典
参考答案
【命题点1】
考法1 1~5 CBDAC 6~10 AABDC 11~15 DDABB
考法2 1~5 ADDAB 6~10 BABBA
【命题点2】
1.stars 2.party 3.idea 4.poems 5.role 6.shape
7.bank(s) 8.nature 9.art 10.safety 11.wishes
12.duty 13.voice 14.list 15.gift 16.skills 17.paper
18.task 19.sticks 20.Lunch 21.cinema 22.boxes
23.flag 24.peace 25.singer